Thyroid (desiccated)
What is desiccated thyroid?
Desiccated (dried) thyroid is a combination of hormones that are normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Desiccated thyroid is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.
What is Saxenda?
Saxenda (liraglutide) is similar to a hormone that occurs naturally in the body and helps control blood sugar, insulin levels, and digestion.
Saxenda is an injectable prescription medicine that may help some obese adults or overweight adults who also have weight-related medical problems, and children aged 12 to 17 years with a body weight above 132 pounds (60 kg) and obesity, to lose weight and keep the weight off. It is used together with diet and exercise.
What is Ecotrin?
Ecotrin is a salicylate (sa-LIS-il-ate) that is used to treat pain, and reduce fever or inflammation.
Ecotrin is sometimes used to treat or prevent heart attacks, strokes, and chest pain (angina). This medicine should be used for these conditions only under the supervision of a doctor.
Ecotrin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Breast Cancer
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women in the U.S. In 2019, roughly 271,270 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. About 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer over a lifetime, on average. However, today, 9 out of 10 women with breast cancer are still alive five years after their diagnosis due to earlier detection and advanced therapies.
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in women in the cells of their cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
In the United States, almost 14,500 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year and more than 4000 will die from it. The incidence of cervical cancer has declined dramatically worldwide in those countries with access to cervical cancer screening (Pap tests/smears) and human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV). However, in less developed countries it continues to rank as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are associated with the HPV virus, with two strains, HPV 16 and HPV 18, estimated to cause up to 70% of all cases. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer.
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States (other than skin cancer). On average, one man in nine will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime; however, only 17% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer will die from it.
Prostate cancer is more likely to be diagnosed in older men and African-American men. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, and it affects 6 out of every 10 men over the age of 65. The average age at diagnosis is 66 and the disease is very rare in men under the age of 40.
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a cancerous lung disease that is primarily caused by smoking. It is in the top three most common cancers among both men and women in the U.S. and is the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. Most people are diagnosed with lung cancer at a late stage because it often has no obvious symptoms until the disease is quite advanced.
Treatment for lung cancer may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or targeted drug therapies. Unfortunately, survival rates are low.
Breast Cancer: Treatment and Prevention Options
Overview: Treatment of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the U.S. with the exception of skin cancer. The primary risk factors for having breast cancer diagnosis include being a woman and older age, with most breast cancers occurring after the age of 50.
Currently, the average risk of developing breast cancer over 80 years of life is 12.5%. However, today, 90% of women with breast cancer are still alive five years after their diagnosis due to earlier detection and advanced treatment options.
What is Breast Cancer?
Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic unit of life. The body is made up of many types of cells, and normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells only when the body needs them. Sometimes, however, cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed. These extra cells form a mass of tissue, called a growth or tumor. There are two types of tumor: benign and malignant.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is the name given to a group of related diseases characterized by the uncontrolled and excessive growth of abnormal cells. More than 200 different types of cancer have been identified.
When these extra cells form a mass or a solid lump of tissue, it is called a tumor. Most cancers form tumors, but not all do. Tumors may be either benign or cancerous.
What is carboplatin?
Carboplatin is used together with other cancer drugs to treat
ovarian cancer.
Carboplatin may also be used for purposes not listed in this
medication guide.
Warnings
What is Baqsimi?
Baqsimi (glucagon) is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels. It also slows involuntary muscle movements of the stomach and intestines that aid in digestion.
Baqsimi Nasal Powder is a prescription medicine used to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in adult and children at least 4 years old.
What are drug interactions?
Anytime you take more than one medication, or even mix it with certain foods, beverages, or over-the-counter medicines, you are at risk of a drug interaction. Most drug interactions are not serious, but because a few are, it is important to understand the possible outcome before you take your medications.
What is Taltz?
Taltz (ixekizumab) is an immunosuppressant that reduces the effects of a chemical substance in the body that can cause inflammation.
Taltz is used to treat plaque psoriasis in adults and children at least 6 years old.
Taltz is used in adults to treat active psoriatic arthritis or active ankylosing spondylitis.
Taltz is also used in adults to treat axial spondyloarthritis.
What is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
ALL is cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. The bone marrow makes white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets. WBCs help fight infection. RBCs help carry oxygen throughout the body. Platelets help the blood clot. ALL causes your body to make too many immature (young) white blood cells (WBC). These cells are cancer (leukemia) cells, and cannot fight infection like healthy WBCs. Cancer cells crowd the bone marrow and prevent it from making healthy blood cells. Without enough healthy blood cells, you are at risk for infection, bleeding, and anemia. Anemia is a low level of red blood cells.
Cold hands
Definition
It's common to have cold hands even when you're not in a cold environment. Usually, having cold hands is just one of the ways your body tries to regulate its temperature and shouldn't be cause for concern.
However, persistently cold hands — particularly with skin color changes — could be a warning sign of nerve damage, blood flow problems, or tissue damage in the hands or fingers. For example, if you are outside in extreme cold weather and you have cold hands, skin color changes could be a warning sign of frostbite.
What is linezolid?
Linezolid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. Linezolid is also an MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor.
Linezolid is used to treat different types of bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, skin infections, and infections that are resistant to other antibiotics.
Narcolepsy
What is narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes severe sleepiness and frequent sudden daytime attacks of sleep. Narcolepsy can cause you to fall asleep at any time but can keep you from sleeping well at night. You do not get enough sleep in a 24-hour period. The cause of narcolepsy is not known.
What are the signs and symptoms of narcolepsy?
Chemotherapy
Overview
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body.
Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.
Cough and Cold - Overview
Common cold is a contagious disease which can be caused by the number of different types of viruses. Cold is medically referred to as a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Cough is an expulsion of air from the lungs, to clear the lung airways of mucus, fluids or other material. Children younger than 6 are at greatest risk of cough and colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have 2 or 3 colds annually.
What is edema?
Edema is swelling throughout your body. Edema is usually a sign that you are retaining fluid. The swelling may be caused by heart failure or kidney, thyroid, or liver disease. It may also be caused by medicines such as antidepressants, blood pressure medicines, or hormones. Sudden swelling around the lips or face may be a sign of a severe allergic reaction. Swelling of an arm or leg may be caused by blockage of your veins.
Jakafi
Generic name: ruxolitinib (RUX oh
LI ti nib)
Brand name: Jakafi
Drug class: Multikinase
inhibitors
Jaundice
What is jaundice?
Jaundice is yellowing of your eyes and skin. It is caused by too much bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance found in red blood cells. It is released when the body breaks down old red blood cells. Bilirubin usually leaves the body through bowel movements. Jaundice happens because your body breaks down cells correctly, but it cannot remove the bilirubin.
What increases my risk for jaundice?
Liver, pancreas, or gallbladder conditions or diseases
A liver infection, such as hepatitis
Too much alcohol over a long period of time
Medicines such as acetaminophen that affect the liver
Pregnancy that causes bile to build up in the gallbladder
A genetic disorder that causes problems with bilirubin breakdown, such as Gilbert syndrome
How is jaundice diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will ask how long you have had symptoms. He or she will ask what medicines you take and how much alcohol you drink. He or she will also ask if you recently had surgery, an injury, or a blood transfusion. Tell him or her if you or anyone in your family has a history of liver disease. Your healthcare provider will order blood and urine tests to measure your bilirubin levels. You may need other tests to find the cause of your jaundice.
How is jaundice treated?
Your healthcare provider will try to find and treat the cause of your jaundice. Medicine may be given to decrease bilirubin levels. Your provider may have you stop taking a medicine if it is causing your symptoms. You may need one or more procedures to find or remove a blockage in your pancreas or gallbladder.
How can I manage my symptoms?
Drink more liquids as directed. Liquids help you stay hydrated and urinate more. This helps prevent harm to your kidneys. Ask your healthcare provider how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you.
Eat foods low in fat. Healthy low-fat foods include fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, low-fat dairy products, beans, lean meats, and fish. These foods are easier to digest and may help reduce your symptoms.
Do not drink alcohol. Alcohol harms your liver and may make your symptoms worse.
When should I seek immediate care?
You have severe abdominal pain or a fever.
You suddenly feel lightheaded or faint.
When should I contact my healthcare provider?
You begin to have tea-colored urine or pale, gray bowel movements.
Your skin and eyes become more yellow, or other symptoms get worse.
You are confused, or others notice changes in your behavior.
You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
Care Agreement
You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
Liver disease
Overview
The liver is an organ about the size of a football. It sits just under your rib cage on the right side of your abdomen. The liver is essential for digesting food and ridding your body of toxic substances.
Liver disease can be inherited (genetic). Liver problems can also be caused by a variety of factors that damage the liver, such as viruses, alcohol use and obesity.
Over time, conditions that damage the liver can lead to scarring (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. But early treatment may give the liver time to heal.
Liver problems
Liver problems that can occur include fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. The liver and its cells — as seen through a microscope — change dramatically when a normal liver becomes fatty or cirrhotic.
Symptoms
Liver disease doesn't always cause noticeable signs and symptoms. If signs and symptoms of liver disease do occur, the may include:
Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice)
Abdominal pain and swelling
Swelling in the legs and ankles
Itchy skin
Dark urine color
Pale stool color
Chronic fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Tendency to bruise easily
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. Seek immediate medical attention if you have abdominal pain that is so severe that you can't stay still.
The liver
The liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach.
Causes
Liver disease has many causes.
Infection
Parasites and viruses can infect the liver, causing inflammation that reduces liver function. The viruses that cause liver damage can be spread through blood or semen, contaminated food or water, or close contact with a person who is infected. The most common types of liver infection are hepatitis viruses, including:
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Immune system abnormality
Diseases in which your immune system attacks certain parts of your body (autoimmune) can affect your liver. Examples of autoimmune liver diseases include:
Autoimmune hepatitis
Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Genetics
An abnormal gene inherited from one or both of your parents can cause various substances to build up in your liver, resulting in liver damage. Genetic liver diseases include:
Hemochromatosis
Wilson's disease
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Cancer and other growths
Examples include:
Liver cancer
Bile duct cancer
Liver adenoma
Other
Additional, common causes of liver disease include:
Chronic alcohol abuse
Fat accumulation in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
Certain prescription or over-the-counter medications
Certain herbal compounds
Risk factors
Factors that may increase your risk of liver disease include:
Heavy alcohol use
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Tattoos or body piercings
Injecting drugs using shared needles
Blood transfusion before 1992
Exposure to other people's blood and body fluids
Unprotected sex
Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins
Family history of liver disease
Complications
Complications of liver disease vary, depending on the cause of your liver problems. Untreated liver disease may progress to liver failure, a life-threatening condition.
Prevention
To prevent liver disease:
Drink alcohol in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. Heavy or high-risk drinking is defined as more than eight drinks a week for women and more than 15 drinks a week for men.
Avoid risky behavior. Use a condom during sex. If you choose to have tattoos or body piercings, be picky about cleanliness and safety when selecting a shop. Seek help if you use illicit intravenous drugs, and don't share needles to inject drugs.
Get vaccinated. If you're at increased risk of contracting hepatitis or if you've already been infected with any form of the hepatitis virus, talk to your doctor about getting the hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines.
Use medications wisely. Take prescription and nonprescription drugs only when needed and only in recommended doses. Don't mix medications and alcohol. Talk to your doctor before mixing herbal supplements or prescription or nonprescription drugs.
Avoid contact with other people's blood and body fluids. Hepatitis viruses can be spread by accidental needle sticks or improper cleanup of blood or body fluids.
Keep your food safe. Wash your hands thoroughly before eating or preparing foods. If traveling in a developing country, use bottled water to drink, wash your hands and brush your teeth.
Take care with aerosol sprays. Make sure to use these products in a well-ventilated area, and wear a mask when spraying insecticides, fungicides, paint and other toxic chemicals. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Protect your skin. When using insecticides and other toxic chemicals, wear gloves, long sleeves, a hat and a mask so that chemicals aren't absorbed through your skin.
Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity can cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Diagnosis
Finding the cause and extent of liver damage is important in guiding treatment. Your doctor is likely to start with a health history and thorough physical examination.
Your doctor may then recommend:
Blood tests. A group of blood tests called liver function tests can be used to diagnose liver disease. Other blood tests can be done to look for specific liver problems or genetic conditions.
Imaging tests. An ultrasound, CT scan and MRI can show liver damage.
Checking a tissue sample. Removing a tissue sample (biopsy) from your liver may help diagnose liver disease and look for signs of liver damage. A liver biopsy is most often done using a long needle inserted through the skin to extract a tissue sample that's sent to a lab for testing.
Ultrasound of liver tumor
An ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image. This ultrasound shows a liver tumor.
Liver biopsy
A liver biopsy is a procedure to remove a small sample of liver tissue for laboratory testing. Liver biopsy is commonly performed by inserting a thin needle through your skin and into your liver.
Treatment
Treatment for liver disease depends on your diagnosis. Some liver problems can be treated with lifestyle modifications, such as stopping alcohol use or losing weight, typically as part of a medical program that includes careful monitoring of liver function. Other liver problems may be treated with medications or may require surgery.
Treatment for liver disease that causes or has led to liver failure may ultimately require a liver transplant.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Changing certain lifestyle habits can often help improve your liver health. If you've been diagnosed with liver disease, your doctor may recommend that you:
Drink alcohol sparingly, if at all.
Avoid red meat, trans fats, processed carbohydrates and foods with high-fructose corn syrup.
Exercise 30 to 60 minutes around three to four times a week at a moderate intensity.
Cut calories by 500 to 1,000 calories daily, if you're overweight.
Alternative medicine
No alternative medicine therapies have been proved to treat liver disease. Some studies have indicated possible benefits, but further research is needed.
On the other hand, some dietary and herbal supplements can harm your liver. More than a thousand medications and herbal products have been associated with liver damage, including:
Vitamin A
Ma-huang
Germander
Valerian
Mistletoe
Skullcap
Chaparral
Comfrey
Kava
Pennyroyal oil
To protect your liver, it's important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks before you take any complementary or alternative medicines.
Preparing for an appointment
You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in the liver (hepatologist).
What you can do
Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions, such as not eating solid food on the day before your appointment.
Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why you scheduled the appointment.
Make a list of all your medications, vitamins and supplements.
Write down your key medical information, including other conditions.
Write down key personal information, including any recent changes or stressors in your life.
Ask a relative or friend to accompany you, to help you remember what the doctor says.
Write down a list of questions to ask your doctor.
Questions to ask your doctor
What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
What kinds of tests do I need? Do these tests require any special preparation?
Are my liver problems likely temporary or long lasting?
What treatments are available?
Should I stop taking certain medications or supplements?
Do I need to stop drinking alcohol?
I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?
Are my children at risk for liver disease?
In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment.
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may leave time to go over points you want to spend more time on. You may be asked:
When did you first begin experiencing symptoms, and how severe are they? Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
Does anything seem to improve your symptoms, or make them worse?
Have you ever had your skin or eyes turn yellow?
What medications and supplements do you take?
How many days of the week do you drink alcohol?
Do you have any tattoos?
Does your job involve exposure to chemicals, blood or body fluids?
Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
Have you been told that you have had liver problems before?
Has anyone in your family ever been diagnosed with liver disease?
Some Myths about Nutrition & Physical Activity
Are you overwhelmed by daily decisions about what to eat, how much to eat, when to eat, and how much physical activity you need to be healthy? If so, don’t be discouraged because you’re not alone. With so many choices and decisions, it can be hard to know what to do and which information you can trust.
This information may help you make changes in your daily eating and physical activity habits so that you improve your well-being and reach or maintain a healthy weight.
Food Myths
Myth: To lose weight, you have to give up all your favorite foods.
Fact: You don’t have to give up all your favorite foods when you’re trying to lose weight. Small amounts of your favorite high-calorie foods may be part of your weight-loss plan. Just remember to keep track of the total calories you take in. To lose weight, you must burn more calories than you take in through food and beverages.
TIP: Limiting foods that are high in calories may help you lose weight. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 External link have estimated daily calorie needs based on a person’s age, sex, and physical activity level.
Myth: Grain products such as bread, pasta, and rice are fattening. You should avoid them when trying to lose weight.
Substituting whole grains for refined-grain products is healthier and may help you feel fuller.
Fact: Grains themselves aren’t necessarily fattening—or unhealthy–although substituting whole grains for refined-grain products is healthier and may help you feel fuller. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 recommend consuming grains as part of a healthy eating plan External link. At least half of the grains you eat should be whole grains. Examples of whole grains include brown rice and whole-wheat bread, cereal, and pasta. Whole grains provide iron, fiber, and other important nutrients.
TIP: Try to replace refined or white bread with whole-wheat bread and refined pasta with whole-wheat pasta. Or add whole grains to mixed dishes, such as brown instead of white rice to stir fry. Check out ChooseMyPlate for more tips to help you add whole grains External link to your eating plan.
Myth: Choosing foods that are gluten-free will help you eat healthier.
Fact: Gluten-free foods are not healthier if you don’t have celiac disease or are not sensitive to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye grains. A health care professional is likely to prescribe a gluten-free eating plan to treat people who have celiac disease or are sensitive to gluten. If you don’t have these health problems but avoid gluten anyway, you may not get the vitamins, fiber, and minerals you need. A gluten-free diet is not a weight-loss diet and is not intended to help you lose weight.
TIP: Before you decide to avoid a whole food group, talk with your health care professional if you believe you have problems after you consume foods or drinks with wheat, barley, or rye.
Myth: You should avoid all fats if you’re trying to be healthy or lose weight.
Fact: You do not have to avoid all fats if you’re trying to improve your health or lose weight. Fat provides essential nutrients and should be an important part of a healthy eating plan. But because fats have more calories per gram than protein or carbohydrates, or “carbs,” you need to limit fats to avoid extra calories. If you are trying to lose weight, consider eating small amounts of food with healthy fats, such as avocados, olives, or nuts. You also could replace whole-fat cheese or milk with lower-fat versions. Read about food portions and how much food is enough for you.
TIP: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 recommend consuming less than 10 percent of your daily calories from saturated fats. Try cutting back on solid-fat foods. Use olive oil instead of butter in cooking.
Myth: Dairy products are fattening and unhealthy.
Fact: Dairy products are an important food group because they have protein your body needs to build muscles and help organs work well, and calcium to strengthen bones. Most dairy products, such as milk and some yogurts, have added vitamin D to help your body use calcium, since many Americans don’t get enough of these nutrients. Dairy products made from fat-free or low-fat milk have fewer calories than dairy products made from whole milk. Learn more about the dairy group External link.
TIP: Adults should have 3 servings a day of fat-free or low-fat dairy products, including milk or milk products such as yogurt and cheese, or fortified soy beverages, as part of a healthy eating plan. If you can’t digest lactose, the sugar found in dairy products, choose fortified soy products, lactose-free or low-lactose dairy products, or other foods and beverages with calcium and vitamin D:
Calcium—soy-based beverages or tofu made with calcium sulfate, canned salmon, or dark leafy greens such as collards or kale
vitamin D—cereals or soy-based beverages
Myth: “Going vegetarian” will help you lose weight and be healthier.
Some research shows that a healthy vegetarian eating plan may be linked to lower obesity levels.
Fact: Some research shows that a healthy vegetarian eating plan, or one made up of foods that come mostly from plants NIH external link, may be linked to lower levels of obesity, lower blood pressure, and a reduced risk of heart disease. But going vegetarian will only lead to weight loss if you reduce the total number of calories you take in. Some vegetarians may make food choices that could lead to weight gain, such as eating a lot of food high in sugar, fats, and calories.
Eating small amounts of lean meats can also be part of a healthy plan to lose or maintain weight. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines 2015-2020 have more information about including meat as part of a healthy eating plan External link.
TIP: If you choose to follow a vegetarian eating plan, be sure you get enough of the nutrients your body needs to be healthy. Read Healthy Eating Tips for Vegetarians External link for more information.
Not all vegetarians are the same.
The types of vegetarian diets eaten in the United States can vary widely. For
example, vegans do not consume any animal products, including milk and eggs.
Lacto-ovo vegetarians eat milk and eggs along with plant foods. Some people
have eating patterns that are mainly vegetarian but may include small amounts
of meat, poultry, or seafood. Speak with a registered
dietitian External link or health
care professional if you are concerned about whether your eating plan is
providing all of the nutrients you need.
Physical Activity Myths
Myth: Physical activity only counts if you do it for long periods of time.
Fact: You don’t need to be active for long periods to get the amount of regular physical activity recommended in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition External link, (PDF, 14.2MB) which is at least 150 minutes, or 2 hours and 30 minutes, of moderate-intensity physical activity each week. An example of moderate-intensity activity is brisk walking. You can spread these sessions out over the week and even do short, 10-minute spurts of activity 3 times a day on 5 or more days a week.
TIP: Find ways to build short bursts of physical activity into your day. While at work, take a 10-minute walking break or have a “walking,” rather than a “sitting” meeting, if work and schedule permit. Use stairs instead of an elevator or escalator. Get off the bus one stop early. Meet a friend for a walk, instead of a meal.
Myth: Lifting weights is not a good way to improve your health or lose weight because it will make you “bulk up.”
Do muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week.
Fact: Lifting weights or doing other activities 2 or 3 days a week that may help you build strong muscles, such as push-ups and some types of yoga, will not bulk you up. Only intense strength training, along with certain genes, can build large muscles. Like other kinds of physical activity, muscle-strengthening activities will help improve your health and also may help you control your weight by increasing the amount of energy-burning muscle.
TIP: Using large rubber bands, or resistance bands, or doing sit-ups or household or yard chores that make you lift or dig, may help you build strong muscles.
Don’t just sit there!
Americans spend a lot of time sitting: at desks, in cars, and in front of
computers, TVs, and other electronic gadgets. Break up your sitting time by
getting up and moving around, even if it’s for only 10 minutes at a time. Those
minutes will add up over days and weeks.
Clinical Trials
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions.
What are clinical trials, and are they right for you?
Clinical trials are part of clinical research and at the heart of all medical advances. Clinical trials look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease. Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses.
Two Keys to Losing Weight and Keeping it Off
Healthy Moments Episode: July 5, 2021
There are many ways to lose weight, but to keep the pounds off, you need these two keys: physical activity AND healthy eating habits.
Transcript
Hi, I’m Dr. Griffin Rodgers, bringing you Healthy Moments from the NIH. I’m the director of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
There are many ways to lose weight, but to keep the pounds off, you need these two keys: physical activity AND healthy eating habits.
For physical activity, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity on most days to control your weight. This could include walking, aerobic dancing, and even household chores.
For healthy eating, your plan should emphasize fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Include more lean meats and be low in saturated fats and added sugars.
For more information, follow us @NIDDKgov External link. This is Dr. Griffin Rodgers with the NIH.
Treatment
There are several types of treatment for cancer. The main cancer treatments are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Other treatments include hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and stem cell transplants.
Cancer treatments are given by cancer specialists (oncologists) who specialize in radiation therapy or chemotherapy and other drug therapies. Surgeons use their skill in doing surgery to remove tumours.
The type of treatment you have will depend on many factors, including:
the type of cancer you have
the stage of the cancer
your personal preferences
your age
Treatment plans
Sometimes people who have the same cancer will be given different treatments. Some people will have only 1 treatment but most people will have a combination of treatments such as surgery with chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both.
When a combination of treatments is used, they may be given together or at different times.
First line therapy is the first, most common or preferred (standard) treatment given for a type of cancer. It is also called primary therapy or primary treatment.
Neoadjuvant treatment is given before other treatments such as surgery. It may be given if a tumour is too large to be removed by surgery. It may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy or hormone therapy.
Adjuvant treatment is given to destroy cancer cells left behind after surgery and reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur).
Treatment goals
Treatment is given for different reasons. Sometimes, the goal of treatment can change over time.
Prevention (prophylaxis)
Treatment is given to prevent the growth of cancer cells or to remove precancerous tissue that could turn into cancer.
Cure
Treatment is given to cure the cancer.
Control
Treatment is given to control the cancer and stop it from growing and spreading. It also reduces the risk of the cancer coming back.
Palliative care
When the cancer can’t be cured or controlled, treatment may be given to relieve pain or ease the symptoms of advanced cancer.
Types of treatment
Treatment can be broadly divided into the following types of therapies.
Local therapy is directed at a specific part of the body and is often used when cancer is only in that area. Radiation therapy and surgery are both local treatments.
Systemic therapy travels through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Many chemotherapy drugs are systemic treatments that are absorbed by the body’s cells and tissues.
Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules (such as proteins) on cancer cells or inside them. By targeting these molecules, the drugs stop the growth and spread of cancer cells and limit harm to normal cells.
Side effects of treatment
Side effects can happen with any type of treatment for cancer, but everyone’s experience is different. Not everyone has side effects or experiences them in the same way. Side effects can occur during or after treatment. They may go away quickly or last for a long time.
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
What is a Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)?
A heart attack occurs when one of the heart's coronary arteries is blocked suddenly or has extremely slow blood flow. A heart attack also is called a myocardial infarction.
The usual cause of sudden blockage in a coronary artery is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus). The blood clot typically forms inside a coronary artery that already has been narrowed by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up along the inside walls of blood vessels.
Slow blood flow in a coronary artery can happen when the heart is beating very fast or the person has low blood pressure. If the demand for oxygen is greater than the supply, a heart attack can happen without formation of a blood clot. People with atherosclerosis are also more likely to have this reason for a heart attack.
Each coronary artery supplies blood to a specific part of the heart's muscular wall, so a blocked artery causes pain and malfunction in the area it supplies. Depending on the location and amount of heart muscle involved, this malfunction can seriously interfere with the heart's ability to pump blood. Also, some of the coronary arteries supply areas of the heart that regulate heartbeat, so a blockage sometimes causes potentially fatal abnormal heartbeats, called cardiac arrhythmias.
The pattern of symptoms that develops with each heart attack and the chances of survival are linked to the location and extent of the coronary artery blockage.
Most heart attacks result from atherosclerosis. The risk factors for heart attack and atherosclerosis are basically the same:
An abnormally high level of blood cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia)
An abnormally low level of HDL (high-density lipoprotein), commonly called "good cholesterol"
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Diabetes
Family history of coronary artery disease at an early age
Cigarette smoking
Obesity
Physical inactivity (too little regular exercise)
In early middle age, men have a greater risk of heart attack than women. However, a woman's risk increases once she begins menopause. This could be the result of a menopause-related decrease in levels of estrogen, a female sex hormone that may offer some protection against atherosclerosis.
Although most heart attacks are caused by atherosclerosis, there are rarer cases in which heart attacks result from other medical conditions. These include congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries, hypercoagulability (an abnormally increased tendency to form blood clots), a collagen vascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus), cocaine abuse, a spasm of the coronary artery, or an embolus (small traveling blood clot), which floats into a coronary artery and lodges there.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of a heart attack is chest pain, usually described as crushing, squeezing, pressing, heavy, or occasionally, stabbing or burning. Chest pain tends to be focused either in the center of the chest or just below the center of the rib cage, and it can spread to the arms, abdomen, neck, lower jaw or neck.
Other symptoms can include sudden weakness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, breathlessness, or lightheadedness. Sometimes, when a heart attack causes burning chest pain, nausea and vomiting, a patient may mistake his or her heart symptoms for indigestion.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask you to describe your chest pain and any other symptoms. Ideally, a family member or close friend should accompany you when you go for medical treatment. This person can help to provide your doctor with valuable information about your symptoms and medical history if you are unable to do so.
It is also important to give your doctor a list of the names and dosages of the prescription and nonprescription medications that you are taking. If you don't have a list already prepared, just scoop the medicines into a nearby bag or purse and bring them with you to the hospital.
Your doctor will suspect that you are having a heart attack based on your symptoms, your medical history and your risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To confirm the diagnosis, he or she will do:
An electrocardiogram (EKG)
A physical examination, with special attention to your heart and blood pressure
Blood tests for serum cardiac markers — chemicals that are released into the blood when the heart muscle is damaged. The blood test that doctors order most frequently to diagnose a heart attack is called troponin.
Additional tests may be needed, including:
An echocardiogram — A painless test that uses sound waves to look at the heart muscle and heart valves.
Radionuclide imaging — Scans that use special radioactive isotopes to detect areas of poor blood flow in the heart
Expected Duration
How long heart attack symptoms last varies from person to person. In about 15% of cases, the patient never reaches a hospital for treatment and dies quickly after symptoms begin.
Prevention
You can help to prevent a heart attack by:
Exercising regularly
Eating healthfully
Maintaining a healthy weight
Not using tobacco products
Controlling your blood pressure
Lowering your LDL cholesterol.
Treatment
The treatment of a heart attack depends on how stable the person's condition is and his or her immediate risk of death. As soon as possible, the person will receive an aspirin and often other medicines that help prevent unwanted blood clotting in the coronary arteries.
The person also will be given oxygen to breathe, pain medication (usually morphine) for chest pain, beta-blockers to reduce the heart's demand for oxygen, nitroglycerin to help blood flow into heart muscle cells, and a cholesterol-lowering statin drug. The person may be started on heparin in addition to aspirin for more potent anti-clotting action.
During the initial evaluation, the person will be considered for reperfusion therapy. The goal is to restore blood flow to the injured heart muscle as soon as possible to limit permanent damage.
Reperfusion is best done mechanically. The patient is taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the hospital. A catheter is threaded through a large blood vessel toward the heart. Dye is injected to locate the blockage in the coronary artery.
The next step is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). In PTCA, a different catheter that has a small deflated balloon is threaded past the blockage, and the balloon is inflated to crush the clot and plaque. Most balloon catheters also have a wire mesh, called a stent, over the balloon. After the balloon is inflated to unclog the blocked artery, the stent remains in place to keep the artery open.
In addition to aspirin, a second anti-platelet drug is given. The ones used most commonly are clopidogrel (Plavix, generic versions), prasugrel (Effient) and ticagrelor (Brilinta).
Reperfusion therapy can also be done with clot-dissolving drugs called thrombolytic agents, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This drug is used if it would take too long to transfer a patient to a hospital where an angioplasty could be performed.
Much of the additional treatment for heart attack depends on whether the patient developed any complications. For example, additional drugs may be needed to treat dangerous cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeats), low blood pressure, and congestive heart failure.
While in the hospital, daily medications usually include aspirin, a beta-blocker, an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor to help the heart work more efficiently, primarily by lowering blood pressure, a statin and a second anti-clotting drug.
When To Call A Professional
Seek emergency help immediately if you have chest pain, even if you think it is just indigestion or that you are too young to be having a heart attack. Prompt treatment increases your chance of limiting heart muscle damage. That's because reperfusion measures work best if they are started as soon as possible after symptoms start.
Prognosis
Survival from a heart attack has improved dramatically over the last two decades. However, some people experience sudden death and never make it to the hospital. For most people that do reach the hospital soon after the onset of symptoms, the prognosis is very good. Many people leave the hospital feeling well with limited heart damage.
LIST OF DELHI GOVT. HOSPITALS
| S.NO | NAME OF HOSPITAL | ADDRESS | CONTACT NO |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNDER DELHI GOVT | |||
| 1 | Aruna Asaf Ali Govt. Hospital | Rajpur Road,Delhi.110054 | 23965532,23831524 Fax-23922333 |
| 2 | Acharyaashree Bhikshu Hospital | Moti Nagar New Delhi-110015 | 25423011 Fax- 25448806 |
| 3 | Attar Sain Jain Hospital | Lawrence Road, New Delhi-110035 | 27153357 Fax- 27106441 |
| 4 | Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital | Sector 6, Rohini, New Delhi.-110085 | 27055585, Fax-27058108 |
| 5 | Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital | PitamPura, Delhi-110034 | 27034535, Fax-27033948 |
| 6 | Babu Jagjivan Ram Hospital | Jahangir Puri, New Delhi110033 | 27631810, Fax- 27631610 |
| 7 | Central Jail Hospital | Jail Road, Hari Nagar, Delhi-110064 | 28520012 |
| 8 | Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya | Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031 | 21210215,2120216 Fax-21210203 |
| 9 | Dadadev Mother & Child Hospital | Nasirpur Near Dabrimore Janakpuri New Delhi-110018 | 25395536 Fax-25395542 |
| 10 | Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital | Hari Nagar, New Delhi-110064 | 25494337 Fax-25494264 |
| 11 | Deep Chand Bandhu Hospital | Kokiwala Bagh,Ashok Vihar,Phase-IV,New Delhi | 27305953 |
| 12 | Delhi State Cancer Institution | GTB Hospital Complex, Shahadara, Delhi - 95 | 22110505,22110303 |
| 13 | Dr. Hedgewar Arogya Sansthan | Karkardooma, Delhi-110032 | 20822305, 20822313 |
| 14 | Dr. N.C. Joshi Hospital | Karol Bagh New Delhi-110005 | 23611786, Fax-23523677 |
| 15 | Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital (G.B.P.H.) | Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg,Delhi.-110002 | 23238109,23237254 Fax-23239442 |
| 16 | Guru Govind Singh Govt. Hospital | Raghubir Nagar New Delhi-110027 | 25984549,25988532 Fax- 25989417 |
| 17 | Guru Nanak Eye Center | Maharaja Ranjit Singh Marg, New Delhi-2 | 23236931 Fax-23230033 |
| 18 | Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (G.T.B.H.) | Shahdara,Delhi.110095 | 22581730 Fax-22581928 |
| 19 | Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (I.L.B.S.) | Vasant Kunj, Delhi-110057 | 46300000 |
| 20 | Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (I.H.B.A.S.) | Shahdara,Delhi-110095 | 22112136,PBX No 22114021,22114029, 22583056, 22583322 |
| 21 | Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital | Janakpuri, Delhi-110058 | 25552023 |
| 22 | Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital (L.B.S.) | Khichri Pur New Delhi-110091 | 22774145 Fax-22786808 |
| 23 | Lok Nayak Hospital | Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg,Delhi.110002 | 23236000, 23232400, Fax-23232870 |
| 24 | Maharishi Balmiki Hospital | Pooth Khurd, New Delhi-110039 | 27761521, Fax- 27761522 |
| 25 | Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya Hospital | Malviya Nagar New Delhi-110017 | 26680603, 26674757 |
| 26 | Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences | M.A.M.C. J.L. Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110002 | 23233925, 23239271-76 |
| 27 | Poor House Hospital | Beggers Home G.T.B.Ngr Delhi-110009 | 23965532,23831524 |
| 28 | Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital | Tahirpur, New Delhi-110064 | 65252480 |
| 29 | Rao Tula Ram Memorial Hospital | Jaffar pur, New Delhi-110073 | 25318444, Fax-25318012 25318070 |
| 30 | Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Hospital | Patel Nagar New Delhi-110008 | 25885944 Fax-25881396 |
| 31 | Satyawadi Raja Harish Chandra Hospital | Narela, Delhi-110040 | 27787304; 27787305(Fax) |
| 32 | Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital | Mangol Puri,Delhi.-110083 | 27921117 Fax-27924403 |
| 33 | Jag Parvesh Chander Hospital | Shastri Park, Delhi-110031 | 22184453 Fax-22184455 |
| 34 | Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College & Hospital | Ajmal Khan Park, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-05 | 23629013 |
| 35 | B R Sur Homeopathic Medical College | Nanakpura, Moti Bagh, Delhi-110021 | 24105298 |
| 36 | Nehru Homeopathic Medical College | B-Block, Defence Colony, New Delhi-24 | 24331193 |
| 37 | Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan | Vill. Khera Dabar, Najafgarh, New Delhi - 73 | 65172030 |
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